Column Control DTX

PNA and ENA Network Analyzers Frequency Converter and Mixer Test

Technical Overviews

Keysight Technologies, Inc. offers a variety of network analyzers with the frequency, performance, and versatil­ity to meet your measurement needs. This selection guide is designed to aid in selecting the required instruments and options to perform calibrated frequency-offset measurements using the PNA and ENA network analyzers.

The PNA and ENA frequency-offset mode options allow the source stimulus and the response receivers to be independently tuned to different frequencies which enable measure­ments on frequency-translating devices.

Built-in second source

For PNA-X (2- and 4-port) and 4-port PNA-L models, a built-in second source is available to simplify mixer measurement setups eliminating the need for an external LO source, and allowing for LO match, fixed and swept-LO testing. Plus, the internal second source improves sweep speed by at least 20 times compared to using an external source.

Advanced calibrations

The PNA and ENA implement two unique calibration techniques. The scalar-mixer calibration (SMC) is used for high-accuracy, magnitude-only conversion gain/loss measurements and requires a compatible power meter and power sensor. The vec­tor-mixer calibration (VMC) is used for both magnitude and phase conversion gain/loss measurements.

Vector-mixer calibration is optimized for system calibration when phase and absolute group delay measurements are desired. This technique requires a reciprocal calibration mixer. This mixer is specific to each test configuration and must be acquired separately. In addition, the PNA also requires a reference mixer, which need not be reciprocal.

Keysight’s scalar- and vector-mixer calibrations provide you with the tools necessary to determine the character­istics of frequency-translating devices with exceptional accuracy.

PNA Series Network Analyzers

All mixer or converter measurements  require Option 080, and most would benefit from either Option 082 or 083. If you want to create and automate custom frequency-offset measure­ments (for example, intermodulation distortion), you may only need Options 014 and 080. For converters that re­quire input power below –27 dBm, or for devices that have a large amount of LO feedthrough (like an unfiltered mixer), we highly recommend Option UNL, which adds source attenuators. Besides allowing lower input power levels, these attenuators improve the isolation between the PNA’s internal source and LO leakage  signals, helping to prevent source-unleveled errors. For devices that put out signals near or above the receiver’s compression levels (which varies between –3 and +5 dBm, depending on the model and frequency), we recommend ordering Option 016, which adds receiver attenuators. Finally, Option 010, which adds time-domain analysis, is very useful for gating out unwanted, time-delayed responses which often occur when measuring mixers.

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Column Control DTX