应用文章
Frequency-translating devices such as mixers and converters are fundamental building blocks of most RF and microwave communication systems. Accurately characterizing the performance of these devices is a critical factor in the design process. The microwave (MW) PNA Series vector network analyzers can be used to measure frequency-translating device speciications such as conversion loss magnitude and phase, absolute group delay, port match, and isolation.
This application note discusses the recommended procedure for testing frequencytranslating devices using the PNA Series frequency converter application, as well as Keysight Technologies, Inc. patented scalar- and vector-mixer calibration techniques. The application note outlines the procedures for selecting appropriate calibration and test system components to reduce measurement errors and achieve the best accuracy.
To get the greatest benefit from this application note, you should have an understanding of fundamental network analysis and the vector- and scalar-mixer calibrations. Keysight application notes 1408-1, 1408-2, and two white papers on vector-mixer characterization offer in-depth material regarding mixer measurements and calibration techniques. See the reference section for details on how to obtain these documents. Additionally, MW PNA’s online help describes the frequency converter application (FCA) and the mixer calibrations with in-depth explanations, detailed diagrams, and PNA screen images.
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